Common Types of Reproductive Surgery
Introduction
While the most successful treatments for infertility are assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), at Tennessee Fertility Institute, we recommend reproductive surgery when a patient’s physical anatomy prevents them or their partner (if applicable) from conceiving. Reproductive surgery can address specific anatomical issues that might be barriers to natural conception or to the success of assisted reproductive technologies.
If we determine reproductive surgery is needed, we can perform the necessary surgery or will refer you to an appropriate surgeon if it is not one that we perform. Surgery is only used when necessary and is aimed at resolving physical issues that contribute to infertility, ensuring you receive the best possible care for your condition.
What is Reproductive Surgery?
Reproductive or fertility surgeries are a type of advanced reproductive medicine that involve procedures where physicians make minimally invasive incisions to correct any anatomic abnormality that can hinder or prevent someone from performing normal reproductive functions. These surgeries are designed to restore the normal function of the reproductive organs and improve the chances of conception.
Most reproductive surgeries result in no or very small incisions and can be performed through an endoscope on an outpatient basis. An endoscope involves the use of either a laparoscope (a small telescope inserted into the abdominal wall) or a hysteroscope (a small telescope inserted into the uterine cavity).
Compared to traditional open surgery, reproductive surgery is often less invasive, less painful, and requires less recovery time. These procedures are carefully planned and executed to minimize discomfort and maximize the chances of a successful outcome.
Common Types of Reproductive Surgical Procedures
At TFI, we will ensure your reproductive surgeon is highly experienced and well-equipped to handle your specific needs. Depending on your condition, your reproductive surgeon may recommend the following reproductive surgeries:
Tuboplasty
This procedure corrects the blockage or scarring of the fallopian tube(s), which can hinder the sperm and egg from reaching one another for fertilization to occur. This condition is often referred to as tubal infertility. A scarred or blocked fallopian tube may occur as a result of a previous pelvic infection or inflammation, including endometriosis and/or previous pelvic surgery. Tuboplasty aims to restore the normal function of the fallopian tubes, increasing the likelihood of natural conception.
Uterine Septum Resection
Uterine malformation is the result of abnormal development of the uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, or vagina during fetal development. These abnormalities can result in symptoms including no menstrual cycles (amenorrhea), infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and chronic pelvic pain. The most common type of uterine malformation is a uterine septum, which can easily be resected (i.e., removed) using a hysteroscope to restore normal pregnancy outcomes. This procedure helps to normalize the shape of the uterine cavity, enhancing the chances of a successful pregnancy.
Endometriosis Treatments
Approximately 2 to 10% of women are affected by endometriosis, a condition where tissue that normally lines the uterus develops outside the uterine cavity in abnormal locations such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and abdominal cavity. Endometriosis is more common in women with infertility and can cause pelvic pain and painful intercourse. Fertility treatments such as hormone therapy coupled with surgery may help relieve pain and restore your fertility. Surgical treatment aims to remove or reduce endometrial tissue outside the uterus, improving reproductive outcomes and reducing symptoms.
Myomectomy for Fibroids
Uterine fibroids or polyps are very common, with approximately 20 – 80% of women getting fibroids by the time they’re 50. These are typically benign, non-cancerous growths of muscle in the uterus. Most go unknown, but depending on the size and location, they can cause infertility, recurrent miscarriages, excessive uterine bleeding, pain, or severe anemia. Fibroid tumors can be removed either hysteroscopically or laparoscopically to restore normal fertility and menstrual function. Myomectomy is a fertility-preserving surgery designed to remove fibroids while maintaining the integrity of the uterus.
Ovarian Cystectomy
Although these fluid-filled sacs within the ovary are usually benign, non-cancerous, and resolve on their own, some ovarian cysts cause infertility and pain and may require surgical removal, most often using the laparoscope. This procedure aims to preserve as much ovarian tissue as possible while removing the problematic cyst(s), helping to maintain ovarian function and fertility.
Polypectomy
Heavy or irregular bleeding between periods happens for different reasons, including polyps, fibroids, or cancer. Polyps are surgically removed via hysteroscopy. This procedure involves the removal of polyps from the uterine cavity, reducing abnormal bleeding and improving the chances of a healthy pregnancy.
Conclusion
Reproductive surgery is a crucial aspect of fertility treatment for many patients. By addressing specific anatomical issues, these procedures can significantly improve the chances of natural conception and the success of assisted reproductive technologies. If you have any questions or need further information about reproductive surgery, please do not hesitate to contact us at (615) 721-6250. At TFI, we are here to help you every step of the way on your fertility journey!